Deploying firmware and package updates may pose significant challenges on system administrators (SAs). These challenges can even become cumbersome depending on the size of a network or the number of systems a SA manages. In datacenter environments for instance, the challenges might create a need of having a centralized package distribution system from which updates are either pulled or pushed. Depending upon your needs, this centralized deployment system might be a sophisticated commercial software (developed solely for this purpose) or simply a test server, where all packages are compile and tested, which is also setup to play the role of LPYR. There are numerous advantages of having such a system. However, instead of bugging you with a list of advantages, let me just provide you with a quick run down on how to setup a LPYR. Then, once you have one already deployed, you may evaluate it for yourself and come up with your own list of its benefits.
Here we go again:
1. Verify if ‘createrepo’ is already installed. If it is installed, skip step 2 and continue from step 3. Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
[root@rep-serv ~]# rpm -qi createrepo
2. If ‘createrepo’ isn’t already installed, since it isn’t by default; install it.
[root@rep-serv ~]# yum -y install createrepo
3. Launch your favorite text editor (for me it’s ‘vim’) to create a simple bash script called ‘repo-setup.sh’.
[root@rep-serv ~]# vim repo-setup.sh
4. Copy, paste and save the following bash script into newly created file (repo-setup.sh):
#!/bin/sh -e
mkdir -p /packages/centos/6/{SRPMS,updates,i386,x86_64}
destdir="/packages/centos/6"
for arch in i386 x86_64 updates
do
chown -R root:root ${destdir}/${arch}
chmod -R o-w+r ${destdir}/${arch}
pushd ${destdir}/${arch} >/dev/null 2>&1
createrepo .
popd >/dev/null 2>&1
done
Info: The script creates a directory structure, setups its ownership and permissions as necessary; and creates the repository using ‘createrepo’ command.
5. Once saved, make it executable.
[root@rep-serv ~]# chmod u+x repo-setup.sh
6. Execute ‘repo-setup.sh.
[root@rep-serv ~]# ./repo-setup.sh
Info: Up to this point, basically, you have created the repository: if you do a ‘ls -lart’ of the directory structure ‘/packages/centos/6/*’ created by the script, you shall see the appropriate repository files listed there. Yet, you need to finish the last touches – that is configuring the repository. In this document, I called the repository ‘local’, but you may call yours whatever you prefer. To make this repository available to clients we need to create the following repository file ‘local.repo’ under ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/’.
7. Launch your favorite text editor again (mine is ‘vim’) to create ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo’, your local repository’s configuration file:
[root@rep-serv ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
8. Copy the following, paste into ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo’ and save the file and exit :
[local] name=CentOS-$releasever - local packages for $basearch baseurl=file:///packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch #baseurl=ftp://internalhost.com/yumrepo/centos/$releasever/$basearch #baseurl=http://internalhost.com/localrepo/centos/$releasever/$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6-LocalRepo protect=1
Before going further, let me explain some of the keywords above listed in the file:
name: is self explanatory – repository’s name.
baseurl: is the physical location of the repository. In the above file, NFS location is enabled while FTP and HTTP locations are disabled (commented).
enable: basically is self explanatory. When set to 1, it’s on. And when set to 0, it is off.
gpgcheck: enables or disables GPG-Key checking; can be turned either on or off by using (1 or 0).
gpgkey: gives the physical location of the public-ascii-gpg-key file.
protect: is basically something that yum uses to protect a repository from updating from other repositories. In this case it’s turned on, so this repository shall not update its files by downloading newer files from a mirror repository. This brings me to the concept of synchronizing to mirrors, which I am not going to explain further but simply show how it can be done next in case you want this feature.
Synchronize to a mirror of your choice: list of mirror.
9. Following command triggers sync activity of the local repo with usc.edu’s mirrors (it basically gets all the updates from usc.edu mirror).
[root@rep-serv ~]# rsync -avrt rsync://mirrors.usc.edu/centos/6/updates/i386 –exclude=debug/ /packages/centos/6/updates/
In order for the protect feature to work, ‘yum-plugin-protectbase’ or ‘yum-protectbase’ must be installed. Basically for CentOS 4 and 6 you shall install ‘yum-plugin-protectbase’. For CentOS 5, however, you shall install ‘yum-protectbase’. They both do the same thing; the names are different because developers chose to give them different names.
10. Check if ‘protectbase pluin’ is installed:
[root@rep-serv ~]# rpm -qi yum-plugin-protectbase # For CentOS version 4 or 6 [root@rep-serv ~]# rpm -qi yum-protectbase # For CentOS version 5
11. If not installed, install it as following
[root@rep-serv ~]# yum install yum-plugin-protectbase # For CentOS version 4 or 6 [root@rep-serv ~]# yum install yum-protectbase # For CentOS version 5
At this point you’ve successfully setup you yum-repository. Thus, you can go ahead build a sample package, place it in the repository and test installing it any server in your network.
As I already said, your repository is set and ready to roll as far as repository is concerned. However, There are a couple of things that might be helpful to some people and they are: 1) Knowing how to generate GPG key and setup your newly created repository to actually use it. 2) Knowing how to build RPM using source code and spec files. Therefore, in the part 2 of this serie, I will delve with those essential points.
Inspired by the Lord, Jesus Christ, to be a little whisper in the vast cloudy field of IT by sharing the little I know with my neighbors.
“SOLI DIO GLORIA = To God Alone Be The Glory”
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However, if you opt to do it anyway, do as you wish. Supposing that your system is connected to the Internet, all you need to do is launching the one following commands.
$ yum -y groupinstall gnome
or
$ yum -y install gnome-desktop
cheers